American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

For a patient with poorly controlled hypertension, which cold medicine is considered safe?

1. Diphenhydramine

2. Phenylephrine

3. Guaifenesin

4. Pseudoephedrine

The correct answer is: Guaifenesin

Guaifenesin is considered safe for patients with poorly controlled hypertension because it is an expectorant that works primarily by loosening mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough out through the mouth. Unlike other cold medications, guaifenesin does not raise blood pressure or cause vasoconstriction, which are common side effects of many other cold medicines. In contrast, diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine, may cause drowsiness and has anticholinergic effects, which might not be ideal for all patients. Phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine are decongestants that can cause increased blood pressure due to their vascular effects, making them unsuitable for individuals with poorly controlled hypertension. Therefore, guaifenesin is the preferred choice for alleviating cold symptoms in patients with concerns regarding blood pressure management.