American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

In treating hypovolemic shock, which replacement is preferred?

1. Colloids

2. Crystalloids

3. Blood products

4. Vasopressors

The correct answer is: Crystalloids

In the treatment of hypovolemic shock, the preferred replacement fluid is crystalloids. Crystalloids, such as normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution, are isotonic solutions that can swiftly restore intravascular volume and improve hemodynamics. They work by expanding the extracellular fluid volume, quickly replenishing lost fluids, and maintaining hemodynamic stability. The use of crystalloids is supported by practice guidelines and evidence suggesting they are often effective in resuscitation and are generally safe for a wide variety of patients. Their availability, cost-effectiveness, and rapid infusion rate also make them practical for initial management in emergencies associated with hypovolemic shock. In contrast, while colloids can also be used in fluid resuscitation, they are often not necessary for initial resuscitation compared to crystalloids and may carry a higher risk of adverse effects. Blood products, such as packed red blood cells, are typically reserved for cases of significant hemorrhage when there is a need to replace not just volume but also oxygen-carrying capacity. Vasopressors, on the other hand, are indicated primarily for managing hypotension but should not be the first line of treatment until fluid resuscitation has been adequately