American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

What condition is characterized by the symptoms of pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, and paralysis?

1. Myocardial Infarction

2. Compartment Syndrome

3. Deep Vein Thrombosis

4. Stroke

The correct answer is: Compartment Syndrome

The condition characterized by the symptoms of pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, and paralysis is indeed compartment syndrome. This condition arises when pressure within a closed anatomical space increases to the point that it compromises circulation and function of tissues within that space. In compartment syndrome, the hallmark symptoms are due to the disruption of blood flow and nerve function in the affected area. Pain is often severe and out of proportion to the injury. Pallor occurs because inadequate blood supply reduces the normal color of the skin. The absence of pulse suggests that blood flow is critically diminished, due to the increased pressure compressing blood vessels. Paresthesia refers to altered sensation, such as tingling or numbness, which results from nerve compression. Finally, paralysis can occur if the nerves are severely affected, leading to a loss of motor function. Understanding compartment syndrome is crucial for timely intervention to prevent irreversible damage to the muscles and nerves. Early recognition of these symptoms can lead to prompt surgical intervention, such as fasciotomy, to relieve pressure and restore blood flow. This emphasizes the importance of recognizing these specific signs to effectively manage the condition before more serious complications arise.