American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

What does an increased Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) indicate?

1. Dehydration

2. Left ventricular failure

3. Low blood pressure

4. Decreased heart rate

The correct answer is: Left ventricular failure

An increased Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) is an important indicator in assessing cardiac function and fluid status in patients. It reflects the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries and is often used to infer the pressure in the left atrium. When PCWP is elevated, it typically suggests that there is increased left atrial pressure, which can occur due to left ventricular failure. In left ventricular failure, the heart is unable to effectively pump blood, leading to congestion in the pulmonary circulation and resulting in elevated PCWP. This condition is significant as it can contribute to the development of pulmonary edema and impaired oxygen exchange, which are critical concerns in managing heart failure patients. Therefore, recognizing an increase in PCWP is essential for diagnosing and assessing the severity of left ventricular dysfunction.