American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

What does nitrogen balance indicate in nutritional assessment?

1. A measurement of recent weight changes

2. Immediate nutritional status

3. Long-term nutritional status

4. Overall caloric intake

The correct answer is: Immediate nutritional status

Nitrogen balance is a key aspect in assessing an individual's nutritional status, particularly related to protein metabolism. It indicates the difference between the amount of nitrogen consumed through dietary protein and the amount excreted through urine, feces, and other bodily processes. When nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen output, the individual is in a positive nitrogen balance, which typically reflects an anabolic state where tissue growth and repair are occurring, such as in recovery from illness, growth phases, or pregnancy. Conversely, a negative nitrogen balance suggests catabolic processes, such as muscle wasting or inadequate protein intake. This makes nitrogen balance a significant indicator of immediate nutritional status, especially in contexts where protein needs are heightened, like in times of stress, illness, or recovery. By evaluating nitrogen balance, healthcare professionals can make informed decisions regarding dietary adjustments necessary for the individual’s specific health needs and overall recovery strategies.