American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

What is a complication of rapid refeeding after prolonged starvation?

1. Dehydration

2. Dumping syndrome

3. Refeeding syndrome

4. Hyperglycemia

The correct answer is: Refeeding syndrome

Rapid refeeding after prolonged starvation can lead to refeeding syndrome, which is a serious condition characterized by metabolic shifts that can occur when feeding is restarted in individuals who have been in a state of starvation or malnourishment. During starvation, the body adapts to using fat stores for energy, resulting in a depletion of electrolytes and vitamins. When refeed begins, particularly with carbohydrates, insulin secretion increases. This can cause the movement of electrolytes such as phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium from the extracellular fluid into the cells, leading to potentially dangerous electrolyte imbalances. Symptoms of refeeding syndrome can include weakness, confusion, seizures, and can even escalate to cardiac arrest if not properly monitored and managed. Dehydration primarily results from inadequate fluid intake or excessive fluid loss, which is not specifically associated with the process of refeeding. Dumping syndrome is usually related to rapid gastric emptying following surgical procedures such as gastrectomy rather than a complication from refeeding itself. Hyperglycemia can occur with carbohydrate intake but isn't the primary risk associated with the rapid restoration of nutritional status after starvation, which mainly highlights the metabolic derangements experienced in refeeding syndrome. Thus, understanding these physiological responses underscores why refeeding syndrome is a significant concern when managing patients