American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

What is considered the first line therapy for hypertension?

1. Beta-blockers

2. ACE inhibitors

3. Thiazide diuretics

4. Calcium channel blockers

The correct answer is: Thiazide diuretics

Thiazide diuretics are recognized as first-line therapy for hypertension primarily due to their proven efficacy in reducing blood pressure and the overall cardiovascular risk associated with hypertension. They work by promoting the excretion of sodium and water through the kidneys, leading to decreased blood volume and consequently lower blood pressure. This mechanism not only helps manage hypertension effectively but also has beneficial outcomes in reducing the incidence of heart failure and stroke in patients with elevated blood pressure. Moreover, guidelines from reputable organizations such as the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association support the use of thiazide diuretics as a foundational treatment for hypertension in the general population. While other classes, like beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers, can also be effective in managing hypertension, they are typically reserved for specific patient populations or circumstances, such as those with heart disease or other comorbidities.