American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

What is currently the most common cause of liver failure leading to transplantation in the United States?

1. Alcoholic liver disease

2. Hepatitis B

3. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

4. Hepatitis C

The correct answer is: Hepatitis C

The most common cause of liver failure leading to transplantation in the United States is hepatitis C. This viral infection can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma, which are significant risk factors for requiring a liver transplant. The impact of hepatitis C on liver health has been substantial, particularly before the advent of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies that have transformed the treatment landscape. Before these advancements, hepatitis C was a leading cause of end-stage liver disease due to its potential to cause long-term liver damage over years or decades. The high prevalence of the virus and its complications has made it a significant public health issue, contributing to the demand for liver transplantation. While alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasing concerns and factors in liver failure, hepatitis C has historically been one of the foremost reasons for transplantation in the United States. Each of the other conditions listed does contribute to liver disease, but they have not reached the same level of impact as hepatitis C in terms of requiring transplantation.