American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

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What is fomepizole primarily used to treat?

Opioid overdose
Ethylene glycol or methanol overdose
Alcohol addiction
Heavy metal poisoning

The correct answer is: Ethylene glycol or methanol overdose

Fomepizole is primarily used as an antidote for ethylene glycol or methanol overdose. It works by inhibiting the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which is crucial in the metabolic pathway that converts these toxic substances into their harmful metabolites. By preventing this conversion, fomepizole reduces the formation of toxic compounds that can lead to metabolic acidosis and organ damage. In the context of ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning, fomepizole is preferred over other treatment options, particularly in cases where the patients present with signs of severe toxicity. It is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize the specific antidote for these types of poisoning, as timely administration can significantly improve patient outcomes. The other options, while relevant to various medical conditions, are not appropriate uses for fomepizole.