American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

What is the most common complication after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)?

1. Seizures

2. Hydrocephalus

3. Vasospasm

4. Infection

The correct answer is: Vasospasm

The most common complication after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is vasospasm. This occurs as a response to the blood that accumulates in the subarachnoid space, which can lead to narrowing of the cerebral arteries. Vasospasm typically develops around 3 to 14 days after the hemorrhage and can result in delayed cerebral ischemia, leading to further complications such as neurological deficits or stroke. Recognizing vasospasm as a primary concern in the management of patients post-SA/H is critical for improving outcomes. Standard monitoring methods, including transcranial doppler ultrasound, are utilized to detect this complication early. Interventions such as maintaining blood pressure in a target range, hydration, and in some cases, the use of calcium channel blockers may help prevent or mitigate the effects of vasospasm. Other complications such as seizures can occur following SAH but are generally less common. Hydrocephalus is also a significant concern after SAH, primarily due to the blockage of cerebrospinal fluid pathways, yet it is not as immediately prevalent as vasospasm. Infection is a possibility, particularly with associated interventions, but it ranks lower than the immediate risk of vasospasm in the timeline of post-hemorr