American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

What is the primary cause of hypovolemic shock?

1. Obstructed blood flow to the heart

2. Excessive vasodilation

3. Inadequate circulating volume

4. Cardiac dysrhythmias

The correct answer is: Inadequate circulating volume

The primary cause of hypovolemic shock is inadequate circulating volume. This condition arises when there is a significant loss of blood or fluid, which can occur due to various factors such as severe dehydration, hemorrhage, or other fluid losses. The reduction in circulating volume leads to decreased perfusion of organs and tissues, which is the hallmark of shock. When the body experiences hypovolemic shock, the heart is not able to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the cells, leading to cellular injury and, if untreated, a potential adverse outcome. This situation contrasts with conditions like obstructed blood flow to the heart, excessive vasodilation, or cardiac dysrhythmias, which may contribute to different types of shock but do not define hypovolemic shock specifically. Understanding this distinction is crucial for proper assessment and management of shock in clinical settings.