American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

What is the primary indication for the use of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)?

1. Hypovolemic shock

2. Cardiogenic shock

3. Obstructive shock

4. Distributive shock

The correct answer is: Cardiogenic shock

The primary indication for the use of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is cardiogenic shock. Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body’s needs, leading to decreased cardiac output, systemic perfusion, and ultimately organ dysfunction. The IABP assists in improving coronary blood flow and reduces the workload on the heart. It does this by inflating during diastole, which increases diastolic pressure in the aorta, thereby enhancing coronary perfusion. During systole, the balloon deflates, reducing afterload and allowing the left ventricle to eject blood more efficiently. In the context of other types of shock, such as hypovolemic shock, obstructive shock, and distributive shock, the IABP is not the primary treatment. Hypovolemic shock is treated primarily with fluid resuscitation. Obstructive shock is often managed by addressing the underlying obstruction, such as removing a pulmonary embolism. Distributive shock, which includes conditions like septic shock, requires stabilization of systemic vascular resistance and often treatment with vasopressors. Thus, while IABPs have specific roles and can potentially assist in various scenarios, their primary and