American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

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What pathogen causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients?

Pneumocystis jiroveci
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Escherichia coli

The correct answer is: Pneumocystis jiroveci

Pneumocystis jiroveci is a fungus that is particularly known for causing severe pneumonia, specifically Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or those who have undergone organ transplants. The immune system of these individuals is often unable to effectively control this opportunistic pathogen, leading to significant respiratory issues. Pneumocystis jiroveci was previously classified as a protozoan but is now recognized as a fungus, and it can lead to pneumonia that is characterized by dry cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Early recognition and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in affected patients. Other pathogens listed may cause pneumonia, but they are not specifically associated with severe infections in immunocompromised individuals to the extent that Pneumocystis jiroveci is. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause pneumonia in any individual regardless of immune status, Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common bacterial cause of pneumonia in healthy individuals and those with mild impairments, and Escherichia coli is more associated with intra-abdominal infections or urinary tract infections, rather than pneumonia in this context.