American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

What serum blood analysis abnormality most specifically indicates acute pancreatitis?

1. Elevated serum amylase

2. Elevated serum lipase

3. Low calcium levels

4. High glucose levels

The correct answer is: Elevated serum lipase

Elevated serum lipase is the most specific indicator of acute pancreatitis. Lipase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that is crucial for the digestion of fats. During an episode of acute pancreatitis, the damaged pancreatic cells release increased amounts of lipase into the bloodstream. While both lipase and amylase levels can be elevated in acute pancreatitis, lipase is considered more specific to pancreatic inflammation because it remains elevated longer than amylase and is less likely to be influenced by other conditions such as salivary gland disease. In contrast, elevated serum amylase can indicate various conditions, including salivary gland disorders or gastrointestinal perforation, making it less specific. Low calcium levels can occur in acute pancreatitis due to fat saponification but are not a primary indicator of the condition. High glucose levels may occur due to the impairment of pancreatic function, but they are not a direct indication of acute pancreatitis and can result from other metabolic disturbances as well. Therefore, monitoring serum lipase provides a more accurate assessment for diagnosing acute pancreatitis.