American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

What syndrome is characterized by prolonged exposure to cortisol due to a pituitary tumor?

1. Adrenal insufficiency

2. Cushing's syndrome

3. Addison's disease

4. Hyperaldosteronism

The correct answer is: Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is defined by the body being exposed to high levels of cortisol for an extended period. This condition can result from various causes, but when attributed specifically to a pituitary tumor, it is often referred to as Cushing's disease, a subtype of Cushing's syndrome. In this scenario, the pituitary gland produces an excess amount of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) due to the tumor, which in turn stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete more cortisol. The chronic elevation in cortisol levels can lead to a range of symptoms and complications, including weight gain, hypertension, diabetes, and other metabolic changes. Understanding this condition's pathology—particularly how the pituitary's role is central to the overproduction of ACTH and subsequent cortisol increase—is crucial for recognizing and diagnosing Cushing's syndrome effectively. Other conditions listed do not align with the given context. Adrenal insufficiency refers to insufficient hormone production by the adrenal glands, which is not characterized by prolonged cortisol exposure. Addison's disease is also an adrenal insufficiency scenario caused by destruction of the adrenal glands, leading to insufficient cortisol levels. Hyperaldosteronism involves excess production of aldosterone, which affects sodium and water balance rather than cortisol levels. Therefore, C