American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

When should antibiotics be administered to treat a fever?

1. When a viral infection is suspected

2. Only when evidence of bacterial infection is present

3. After 72 hours of fever

4. As a precautionary measure in all fevers

The correct answer is: Only when evidence of bacterial infection is present

Administering antibiotics is appropriate when there is evidence of a bacterial infection, as antibiotics specifically target bacterial pathogens. This choice emphasizes the importance of a proper diagnosis before initiating treatment, which helps ensure that antibiotics are used judiciously. Using antibiotics without confirming a bacterial infection, as suggested in the other choices, can lead to several issues, including antibiotic resistance, disruption of normal flora, and unnecessary side effects for the patient. Options that mention administering antibiotics for viral infections or as a precautionary measure do not align with appropriate clinical practice, as these situations typically do not warrant antibiotic therapy. Moreover, waiting until after 72 hours of fever without assessing the underlying cause may lead to delays in critical care, especially if a bacterial infection is indeed present. Therefore, the principle of evidence-based practice supports administering antibiotics only when there is valid evidence of a bacterial infection.