American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

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Which alternative antibiotic can be used as a single dose for urinary tract infection?

Nitrofurantoin
Fosfomycin
Amoxicillin
Levofloxacin

The correct answer is: Fosfomycin

Fosfomycin is an effective alternative antibiotic that can be administered as a single dose to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). The mechanism of action of fosfomycin involves inhibiting cell wall synthesis, making it particularly useful for treating urinary infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Its formulation allows for easy oral administration and promotes good urinary concentration, which is essential for effectively targeting pathogens in the urine. While other antibiotics listed can be used to treat UTIs, they are not typically given as a single dose. Nitrofurantoin usually requires multiple doses over a course of treatment, often for 5 to 7 days. Amoxicillin is effective but also requires a longer course to ensure complete eradication of the infection. Levofloxacin, while a potent antibiotic for various infections, is generally reserved for more complicated cases and also requires several days of dosing to achieve effective therapeutic levels. Hence, fosfomycin stands out as a convenient and efficient one-time treatment option for uncomplicated UTIs.