American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly seen with rhabdomyolysis?

1. Hypokalemia

2. Hyperphosphatemia

3. Hypernatremia

4. Hypocalcemia

The correct answer is: Hypocalcemia

Rhabdomyolysis is a condition characterized by the breakdown of muscle tissue, leading to the release of intracellular contents, including potassium, phosphate, and myoglobin, into the bloodstream. One of the significant electrolyte abnormalities associated with rhabdomyolysis is hypocalcemia. In rhabdomyolysis, the release of myoglobin and the mobilization of phosphorus from damaged muscle cells can lead to precipitation of calcium salts, decreasing the levels of free calcium in the blood. Additionally, the body may also sequester calcium in an attempt to mitigate the damage caused by the released contents of the muscle cells. As a result, individuals with rhabdomyolysis often present with hypocalcemia, which can lead to symptoms such as muscle cramps, twitching, or even cardiac irregularities if severe. Understanding this electrolyte disturbance is crucial for the management of patients with rhabdomyolysis, as hypocalcemia may require monitoring and treatment, especially if clinical signs of hypocalcemia or complications arise.