American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

Which medication combination is used for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV?

1. Lopinavir and Ritonavir

2. Tenofovir and Emtricitabine

3. Acyclovir and Valacyclovir

4. Zidovudine and Lamivudine

The correct answer is: Tenofovir and Emtricitabine

The combination of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine is recognized as the standard regimen for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV. PrEP is an important strategy for individuals at high risk of acquiring HIV, providing a means of reducing transmission through consistent medication use. Tenofovir works as a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that prevents the replication of the virus if exposure occurs. Emtricitabine, also an NRTI, complements this effect by targeting a similar mechanism, helping to ensure that both aspects of the viral replication process are interrupted. Research and clinical studies have shown this combination to be highly effective in reducing the risk of HIV infection when taken as prescribed, making it the preferred choice for PrEP. Other combinations listed do not serve the same purpose. While Lopinavir and Ritonavir are often used in the treatment of HIV, they are not indicated for PrEP. Acyclovir and Valacyclovir are antiviral medications used primarily for herpes virus infections. Zidovudine and Lamivudine, although antiretroviral drugs, are mainly used in treatment regimens rather than for prevention in the context of PrEP. This helps clarify why Tenofovir and Emtr