American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Practice Test

Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 P's of compartment syndrome?

1. Pallor

2. Paresthesia

3. Pressure

4. Paralysis

The correct answer is: Pressure

Compartment syndrome is a serious condition that occurs when there is increased pressure within a closed anatomical space, leading to compromised circulation and potential irreversible muscle and nerve damage. The 5 P's of compartment syndrome are key indicators that help in recognizing this condition and are used for effective assessment. Pallor refers to pale skin that may suggest compromised blood flow due to increased pressure in the compartment. Paresthesia involves abnormal sensations, such as tingling or numbness, indicating nerve involvement. Paralysis signifies muscle weakness or inability to move the affected limb, representing a critical loss of function. While "Pressure" is indeed a key concept in understanding compartment syndrome, it is not classified as one of the 5 P's. Understanding this framework helps healthcare professionals quickly identify and respond to potential compartment syndrome, thereby improving patient outcomes. This specificity of assessment emphasizes the clinical importance of the classic signs and symptoms, which focus on changes in appearance, sensation, and motor function.